Karanta addu’ar da aka samo a Sunna yayin shiga da fita makewayi
Sunna ne ga wanda zai shiga makewayi, ya karanta addu’ar nan, wadda ta zo a cikin ingantattun littafan hadisai guda biyu:
An samo daga Anas raliyallahu anhu, ya ce: “Manzon Allahsallallahu alaihi wa sallam ya kasance idan zai shiga makewayi yakan karanta: “Alláhumma inná aúzu bika minal- khubusi wal- khabá’isi.” (Ya Ubangiji! Ina neman tsarinka daga kowane irin sharri, da kuma miyagun halittu maza da mata.) [Buhari:6322/ Muslim:375].
Kalimar ‘khubusi’ ta Larabci tana nufin ‘miyagun halittu maza.’ a yayin da ita kuma ta ‘khabá’isi’ take nufin ‘miyagun halittu mata.’
Idan kuma aka yi wa harafin ‘b’ xauri a cikin kalimar, aka ce: ‘khubsu’ kamar yadda take a cikin wannan Hadisi. To tana nufin kowane irin sharri. Jam’inta kuma shi ne: ‘khabá’is’ kamar na farko, amma yana nufin miyagun halittu masu mugun nufi kimshe a cikin zukata. Kenan, wannan addu’a neman tsari daga kowane irin sharri da ma’abutansa. Yin xaurin nan kuma shi ne mafi kandamewa ga ma’ana.
- Sunna ne kuma ga wanda ya fito makewayi ya karanta:
Abin day a zo a cikin Musnada na Imamu ahmad, da Sunan na Abu Dawu, da na Tirmizi, wanda kuma albani ya inganta, daga Sayyidah A’isha raliyallahu anha, da ta ce: “Annabi sallallahu alaihi wa sallam ya kasance idan ya fito daga makewayi yakan ce: “Gufrának” (Ina neman gafararka ya Ubangiji). [Ahmad:20220/ Abu Dawuda:30/ Tirmizi:7] Albani kuma ya inganta shi a cikin: Tahqíqu Mushkátul- Misábih: (1/116).
Rubuta wasiyya Sunna ne
Rubuta wasiyya ga duk musulmin da yake raye, daxa lafiyarsa qalau, ko ya sami kansa a cikin halin wata rashin lafiya, Sunna ne. Hujja a kan wannan Sunna ita ce, faxar Annabi sallallahu alaihi wa sallam cewa: “Bai kamata ga duk muslmin da ya mallaki wani abu da yake son bayar da wasicci a kansa ba, ya kwana biyu lafiyayyu ba tare da wasiyyar na nan rubuce a hannunsa ba.” (Buhari:2783/ Muslimu:1626), daga cikin Hadisan xan Umar raliyallahu anhuma. Sai dai yana da kyau a kula, ambaton kwana biyu da Manzon Allah sallallahu alaihi wa sallam ya yi a cikin wannan Hadisi, ba iyakancewa ne ba. iyakar abin da wannan yake nufi shi ne, kada dai mutum ya kuskura a xauki wani lokaci mai tsawo, ba tare da ya rubuta wasiyya ya ajije ba. ba kuwa don komai ba, sai don bai san lokacin da mutuwa za ta sallamo masa ba. rubuta wasiyya xin nan kuma wata Sunna ce, da ta hau kan kowane mutum.
Amma, rubuta wasicci a kan wasu haqqoqa da suke kan mutum, na Allah subhanahu wa ta’alah, kamar zakka, ko hajji, ko kaffara. Ko wasu haqqoqa na takwarorinsa ‘ya’yan Adamu, kamar bashi, ko wata ajiya. To, rubuta irin wannan wasiyya, wajibi ne ba Sunna ba, saboda irin yadda ta rataya da waxansu haqqoqa na wajibi, musamman idan ba wanda ya san da akwai irin wannan haqqi a hannunsa. Sa’annan kuma Malami sun ce: [Duk abin da wajibi ba ya tabbata cika sai da shi, to, shi ma ya zama wajibi.]
Sauqin hali da kau da kai a cikin saye da sayarwa
Abin da wannan Sunna take bukata shi ne, a wayi gari mai saye da mai sayarwa, kowanne daga cikinsu ya cika ya batse da kyawawan halaye irin na rangwane da sauqin hali da kuma kawar da kai a daidai lokacin da suke gudanar da wani ciniki. Ma’ana, kada a sami xaya daga cikinsu yana quntatawa da tsananta wa xaya, tare da kacamewar gardama da jayayya a tsakaninsu, a cikin qoqarin kaiwa qarshen farashi. Abin Sunna take so shi ne, su gudanar da cinikin a cikin yanayi irin na ‘yan’uwantakar Musulunci ta rowan sanyi.
Hujja a kan wannan Sunna:
Hujja a kan wannan Sunna ita ce, Hadisin Jabir xan Abdullahi raliyallahu anhuma da ya ce: “Manzon Allah sallallahu alaihi wa sallam ya ce: “Allah shi yi gafara ga mutum mai sauqin kai idan zai sayar ko zai saye, ko zai karvi bashin da yake bi.” (Buhari:2076).
Ba bashi kawai ba, duk ma wani haqqi da mutum zai nema nasa, Sunna ta xora masa nauyi nemansa cikin lalama da lumana da sauqin hali. Hujja kuwa ita ce, cewar da Annabi sallallahu alaihi wa sallam ya yi: “Ko zai karvi bashin da yake bi.”
Yin sallar nafila raka’a biyu bayan kowace arwalla
Yin sallalr nafila raka a biyu duk lokacin da mutum ya yi arwalla, wata Sunna ne da yau da kullum, mai matuqara muhimmanci, wadda sakamakonta shi ne samun shiga Aljanna gobe Qiyama. Hujja a kan haka kuwa ita ce, abin da aka riwaito daga Abu Hurairah raliyallahu anhu, cewa: “Wata rana bayan an qare sallar Asuba, Annabi sallallahu alaihi wa sallam ya ce wa Bilalu raliyallahu anhu: “Ya Bilalu! Ba ni labarin mafi muhimmancin aikin da ka yi a Musulunci, domin na ji amon takon takalminka a gabana a cikin Aljanna.” Sai ya karva masa da cewa: “Babu wani aiki mai muhimmanci da na yi, wanda ya wuce, babu wani lokaci da zan yi arwalla face na yi sallar nafila gwargwadon abin da duk Allah ya nufe ni da yi.” (Buhari:1149/ Muslim:2458). Kalmomin “daffun- na’alaika” a cikin wannan Hadisi ne, muka fassara da ‘amon takon takalminka.’
Jiran Salla
Zaunawa Masallaci a jira kamawar lokacin wata salla, Sunna ce mai girma da take bayar da lada mai yawa.
Hujja a kan wannan Sunna:
Hujja a kan wannan Sunna ita ce, Hadisin Abu Huraira raliyallahu anhu, cewa, Manzon Allah sallallahu alaihi wa sallam ya ce: “Zaman duk da xayanku zai jiran kamawar lokacin salla; babu abin day a hana shi komawa cikin iyalinsa sai sallar. To, kamar yana cikin sallar ne.” (Buhari:659/ Muslimu:649). Wannan jira da musulmi zai yin a kamawar lokacin salla, babu abin da ake rubuta masa sai ladar wanda yake salla.
Wata hujjar kuma ita ce, abin da aka riwaito daga Abu Huraira raliyallahu anhu, cewa, Manzon Allah sallallahu alaihi wa sallam ya ce: “Mala’iku suna yin salati ga duk wanda yake zaune cikin Masallaci yana jiran kamawar lokacin sallah, matuqar bai yi magana ba, suna cewa: Allah ka yi gafara gare shi, ka kuma yi masa rahama. Zaman duk da xayanku zai jiran kamawar lokacin salla; babu abin day a hana shi komawa cikin iyalinsa sai sallar. To, kamar yana cikin sallar ne.” (Buhari:659/ Muslimu:649). Cewar da Manzon Allah sallallahu alaihi wa sallam ya yi: “Matuqar bai yi magana ba.” Ba magana kawai ba, hakan na nufin matuqar bai yi wani abu da zai walwale masa arwalla ba. Hujja a kan wannan fashin baqi ita ce, wata riwayar ta Muslim da take cewa, cewa Manzon Allah sallallahu alaihi wa sallam ya yi:
“Matuqar bai cutar da wani a yayin zaman ba, bai kuma yi wani abu da zai walwale masa arwalla ba,” (649). Ma’ana, sharaxin samun wannan lada shi ne, kada ya cutar da wani abokin zamansa a cikin Masallacin, kada kuma arwallarsa ta walwale.
Yin Asawaki
Yin asawaki Sunne ce irin wadda ake son a riqa rayawa a kowane lokaci. Saboda haka ne Annabi sallallahu alaihi wa sallam yake matuqar kwaxaitarwa a kanta har wata rana ya buxi baki ya ce: “Ku yi haqurin irin yadda nake matsa muku yin asawaki.” (Buhari:888). A wata riwayar kuma daga cikin Hadisan Anas raliyallahu anhu, cewa Annabi sallallahu alaihi wa sallam ya yi: “Asawaki yana tsarkake baki, yana kuma samar da yardarm Ubangiji.” (Ahmad:7/ Nasa’i:5), daga cikin Hadisan Sayyida A’isha raliyallahu anha. Albani kuma ya inganta shi a cikin: Al’irwáu: (1/105).
Zaman yin asawaki Sunna a kan muslmi yana qara qarfi da qamari a waxansu wurare, da muka riga muka ambaci wasu daga cikinsu, waxanda suke jehi-jehi a cikin yini da dare. Wato, kamar lokacin duk da mutum ya farka a cikin dare, da lokacin da duk zai yi arwalla, ko fara salla, ko shiga gida. Allah dai shi ne mafi sani.
Sabanta arwalla ga kowace salla
Sunna ne ga musulmi ya sabanta arwallarsa a duk lokacin da zai yi wata salla, komai kuwa kusancin lokacinsu. Misali, idan ya yi arwalla domin sallar Magariba, ya kuma sallace ta xin. To, idan sallar Isha’i ta kama, Sunna ta xora masa nauyin sabanta arwallar, koda kuwa waccan ba ta walwale ba. A taqaice, yi wa kowace sallah arwalla mai zaman kanka, shi ne Sunna.
Hujja a kan wannan Sunna:
Hujja a kan wannan Sunna ita ce, Hadisin Buhari, da ya ce: “Annabi sallallahu alaihi wa sallam ya kasance yana yi wa kowace salla arwalla ta qashin kanta.” (Buhari:214).
Haka nan kuma yana daga cikin, mutum ya kasance cikin tsarki tsawon yini. Hujja a kan haka kuwa ita ce, Hadisin Sauban raliyallahu anhu, cewa, tabbas! Annabi sallallahu alaihi wa sallam ya ce: “Babu wanda ke iya xaukar takalihun zama da arwalla, sai mumini.” (Ahmad:22434/ Ibn Majah:277/ Darimi:655). Albani kuma ya inganta shi a cikin: Sahíhul- Jámi’i: (1/225).